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©2004-2008 Coastal Carolina Indian Center. All
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Research
[Work
in Progress]
Free People of Color - by
County - 1790 Federal Census
A cross-reference using surnames, known names of Indian families, and historic
Indian villages
In researching Indian ancestry, it's important to note that for a variety of
reasons in history (usually economic or socio-political), Indian people were
often recorded as any race other than Indian. Sometimes "White," other times
"Black," or "Negro," and other times "Free Person of Color," "Colored," or
"Mulatto."
The entries below have been taken from transcriptions of the 1790 Federal Census
for several eastern North Carolina counties. The notes in the right column
correlate to the 1790 county/family names to the left. Known Indian villages are
given with modern-day equivalent town names, as well as any surnames that appear
as "Other Free" on the 1790 census that are surnames also found amongst known
Indians in documents (deeds, court records, etc.).
Please keep in mind that just because someone is of a particular surname
that has at some point been
associated with a particular tribe DOES NOT NECESSARILY mean that the person was
of that tribe. It is necessary to establish a "preponderance of evidence" before
making the assumption that someone was of a particular Indian nation.
Counties
|
Families by County and
Surname |
Notes Relating to Known
Indian Communities and/or Surnames |
|
Beaufort County |
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Blango, Dinah 6
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Blango, Sarah 5
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Blango, Solomon 1
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Blango, Thomas 10
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Brayboy, John 1
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Carroll, William 4
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Conner, Merion 3
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Curtis, Ann 6
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Hawkins, Abier 2 + 1 white Female
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Healy, Catherine 3
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Hodge, Zear 4 + 1 white Female
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Holmes, Edward 1
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Holmes, John 6
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Horn, William 1
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Johnson, Joshua 6
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Johnston, Abraham Senr.
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Juley, Arcey 1
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Keys, Milley 4
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Moor John P. 5
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Moor, Rachel 2
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Pluto, William 2
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Sutton, Peter 1
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Turner, John 3
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Tutterton, Kizzy 5
|
Historical Indian Communties:
- Chocowinity (Tuscarora) - Prior to about 1602/08, this
was shown on maps as Panawicky. By the mid-1600s, this is now
Chocowinity, which is a corruption of a Tuscarora word meaning
"Otters" or "Little Otters"
- King Charles' Town (Machapungo) - this was on the east
side of Machapungo River. Is referenced in two deeds in old Bath
County records:
- Charles Hopton to Roger Montague both of Bath
Co NC for a valuable consideration, a land entry of 640 acres on
east side of Matchapungo River, called King Charles
Town, on the river and creek. 30 Oct 1704. Charles Hopton.
Wit: Richard Batchalor, Charles Hopton. Ack at Ct 22 Jan
1704/5.
- Roger Montague, planter of Bath Co sold to Richard
Silvester [ncg] land entry in Matchapungo River called
King Charles Town. 2d Jan 1704/5. Levi Truewhitt.
It should be noted that the name King Charles Town most certainly
refers to the Matchapungo chief,
King Charles, referred to by John Lawson in his 1709 A New Voyage
to Carolina.
It should also be noted that the Roger Montague mentioned above
is the same Roger Montague who, in 1708, entered into a land
transaction with John Squire (who is possibly the same John Squires
who was "King" of the Mattamuskeet reservation):
- Pamtico 3 Nov 1708. Roger Montague assigns to John
Squire for a valuable consideration, a tract of land up
Severon creek in Matchapungo river. Roger Montague. Wit:
Samll Norton. Ack in Ct at Bath Town 5 Jan 1708/9. Levi
Truewhitt, Cot Clk.
|
|
Bertie County |
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Ashe, James 1-6-0 (1 white woman)
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Bartlett, Hall, 4
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Brantly, Darby, 4
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Bromly, Darby, 4
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Chavis, Cezar 1
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Chevat, Cezar, 7
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Darby, Joseph 4
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Demsey, George 9
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Demsey, Joshua 9
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Demsey, Thowegood 7
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Goff, Joney 1
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Hall, David 2 & 1 white female
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James, Andrew 4
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James, Frederick 9
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James, Frederick 5
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James, John 8
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James, Nancy 3
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Jeames, Mary 3
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Jones, William 9 & 6 slaves
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Manly, Moses 3
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McCate 4
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Meredith, David 20
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Page, James 2
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Tony, Anthony 4
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Trumble, Jethro 12
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Wharburton, John 4
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Wiggins, Michael 4
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Wiggins, Samuel 13
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Wilifred, Sarah 14
|
Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
This surname shows up on Indian Woods deeds as Tuscarora.
|
|
Carteret County |
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Black, Martin 2
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Braddock, Peter 8
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Burgase, Caesar 1
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Carolina (free) 7
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Carter, George 10
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Carter, John 3
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Carter, John 4
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Cooper, Peter 2
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Dinah (free) 3
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Fisher, Elizabeth 3
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Jenny 4
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Jerry 3
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Martin, Absalom 9
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Norwood, Ann 2
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Ocre 5
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Peter(free) 5
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Samson Junr. 1
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Samson(old) 3
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Stanton, Joe Pie 1
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Toby Senr. (free) 2
|
Historical Indian Communties:
|
|
Chowan County (Edenton) |
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Banks, Jane 2
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Churton, Joe 1
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Clark, Abraham 1
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Clark, Abraham 1
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Demsey, Peggy 2
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James, Mary 2
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Mustapher, Debby 1
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Mustapher, Mary 2
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Mustapher, Patty 1
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Pollidore, Phebe 1
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Rud, Mary 4
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Historical Indian Communties:
|
|
Craven County |
|
|
Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
This surname shows up on Indian Woods deeds as Tuscarora.
Indictment of John COPES, a Christian Indian belonging
to King BLOUNT’s tribe, for committing burglary by breaking into
the house of Colonel Thomas POLLOCK, Esq., President of this
province at Chowan in the county of Albemarle, in the night of 4
August, POLLOCK being in the house at the time. Back says “Not
guilty.” No year is given. See
Indians in Colonial Records.
- Dove (Uncertain, possibly Mattamuskeet*)
Note to Mr. HATCH (Little River) from Charles EDEN stating he had
taken from William DOVE of the schooner [smeared] 10 pounds
of powder for the use of the Maramaskild Indyans; taken by EDEN’s
order for the publick service, HATCH ordered to reimburse the afsd.
Captain. 1719 (Can’t read month).
- Mitchel(l) (Tuscarora)
This surname shows up on Indian
Woods deeds as Tuscarora.
- Russell (Mattamuskeet*)
This is a surname belonging to
one of the chief men, Joseph Russell, of the Mattamuskeet
reservation. (See
Appendix 14 of the Mattamuskeet Documents.)
* It should be noted
that the Mattamuskeet reservation housed Indians from the small
Algonquian villages along the coast, as well as Tuscarora. The
southern Tuscarora, led by Hancock, were assisted by virtually all
of the smaller tribes in coastal plain, including present day
Craven, Beaufort, Hyde, Pamlico and Currituck Counties. The
reservation at Indian Woods in Bertie County was set up for the
northern Tuscarora, led by Tom Blount, who had been "friendly" to
the English. The Mattamuskeet reservation was not established until
close to a decade later for the southern Indians who had continued
to fight colonial expansion, even after the fall of Fort Neoheroka.
|
| Currituck County |
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Basnett, Mary 4
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Basnett, Robert 8
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Bathouse, Mary 2
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Boswell, James 8
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Bryan, Sarah 4
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Burnham, Samuel 4
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Case, Jonathan 4
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Dring, Price 4
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Duglas, Charles 7
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Fuller, Edom 1
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Gordan, Peter 10
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Hitom, Elizabeth 5
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Hunt, Charles 6
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Hunt, Demsey 2
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Hunt, Hyram 2
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Jones, Abl 3
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Mekins, Margaret 3
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Mekins, Richard 3
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Smith, Isaac 2
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Thomas, James 8
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Turner, Bellar 5
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Turner, Samson 6
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Vever, William 4
|
Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
- Mekins/Meekins (probably Hatteras)
The following is from "Possible
Croatan Descendants" by
The Lost Colony Center for
Science and Research:
"In 1777, Samuel Elks (Hatteras)
sells to Isaac Meekins the land known locally as Buck Ridge in Gum
Neck, Tyrrell County, NC; this is the possible location of an Indian
village on the Alligator River."
|
| Dobbs County |
|
|
Historical Indian Communties:
|
|
Edgecombe County |
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Artist, Lauer 5
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Griffin, Edward 1
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Hammons Jordan 4
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Hammons, Shadrack 8
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Mitchell, Thomas 10
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Portice, Robert 1
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Scott, Isham 7
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Scott, Israel 7
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Stephens, John 9
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Wiggins, Matthew 4
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Wombel John 1
|
Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
This surname shows up on Indian Woods deeds as Tuscarora.
|
|
Gates County |
|
|
Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
- Bennet(t) (Chowan)
- Robins (Chowan)
Both are listed in Chowan land deeds to colonists:
Deed from James BENNETT, Thos. HITER, Charles
BEARLEY, Jeremiah RUFFIN, John ROBINS, John
REDING, Hull WILL, Indians of Chowan Precinct in the
County of Albemarle to Thos. GARRETT of the same precinct and county
for land in Chowan Precinct, part of patent dated 1724 on Gum Br.,
bordering Capt. Aron BLANSHERDS (full description is included). 7
Apr 1734. Witnesses Mitchell WARD, Henry HILL. [All grantors signed
with a mark, except Hull WILLS].
For more information, see
Indians in Colonial Records.
This surname shows up on Indian Woods deeds as Tuscarora.
|
| Halifax County |
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Archer, John 9
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Ashe, Charles 11
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Bird, Peggy 3
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Bird, Polly 4
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Bird, Richard 2
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Carter, Charles 5
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Carter, Frederick 1
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Carter, Randol 1
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Demsey, James 3
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Demsey, Thoroughgood 8
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Edmonds, Martha 5
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Francis, Richard 1
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Green, John 16
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Greene William 1
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Hammons, Anthoney 4
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Harry, Nancy 2
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Hawkins, Henry 3
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Hawkins, Joseph 9
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Hawkins, Samuel 1 & 1 white woman
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Hawkins, Solomon 14
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Herriman, Joseph 1
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Hethcock, Frederick 7
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Hethcock, Isham 5 + 1 white female
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Hethcock, Ptolemy 5
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Hethcock, William 5
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James, Benjamin 6
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James, Elisha 6
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Jones, James 3
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Jones, James 4
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Jones, John 6
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Jones, Phill 7
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Lewis, Charles 6
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Lewis, John 4 & 1 white woman
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Lewis, Morgan 4
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Lewis, Warner 3
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Megee, William 9
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Morgan, John 16
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Murry, Frances 6
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Murry, Mark 9
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Richardson, Benjamin 12
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Richardson, William 6
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Richardson, William 7
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Rudd, William 8
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Scott, Abraham 1
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Scott, Abraham 6
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Scott, Emanuel 7
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Scott, Exum 9
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Scott, James 5
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Scott, John 5
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Scott, John 7
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Smith, Zacheus 8
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Swett, Abraham 5
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Swett, George 3
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Sweett, George 4
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Tony, John 7
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Topp, George 4
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Weaver, James 4
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Winburn Thomas 3
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Winburn Thomas 3
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Winburn Thomas 3
|
Historical Indian Communties:
|
| Hertford County |
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Archer, Armstrong 4
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Archer, Caleb 5
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Archer, Jacob 8
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Archer, Evans 3
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Archer, Thomas 5
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Archer, William 5 + 1 white female
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Arher, Peggy 2
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Baley, William 6 + 1 white female
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Bass, Willis 4
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Bezelle, Solomon 11
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Boone, Arther 6
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Bowser, Thomas 9
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Crow, Elizabeth 1
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Garner, Anthony 2
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Hall, Mary 6
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Manley, Gabriel 2
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Manley, Martha 2
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Manley, Moses 11
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Manley, William 5
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Manley, Letisha 4
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Manly, Sarah 3
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Nickens, James 3
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Nickens, Malachi 5
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Orange, Henry 3
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Read, Shadrick 6
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Ronals, Patience 6
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Rowals, Jesse 11
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Shewenaft, William 8
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Smith, James 6
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Weaver, Jesse 6
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Weaver, Ned 7
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Wiggans, Sarah 8
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Williams, Constant 1
|
Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
- Bass (Nansemond or Chowanoc)
See the
Bible
Record John Basse of Chowan County for more information.
John Basse married ye dafter of ye King of ye Nansemund Nation,
by name Elizabeth in Holy Baptism and in Holy Matrimonie ye 14 day
of August in ye yeare of our blessed Lord 1638
Edward Basse sonne of Nath'll & Mary Basse yt unregenerated by
the Spirit of God took in marriage one virtuous Indian mayd'n by the
Christian name of Mary Tucker and went to live amongst the
Shownanocs in Carolina in 1644 A.D. - He went to Carolina in later
years in persute of trade and not in 1644
|
|
Hyde County |
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Boston 2
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Brown, Nathan 1
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Chance, Sarah 9
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Johnston, Jeremiah 5
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Powers, Elizabeth 3
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Ross, Thomas 1
|
Historical Indian Communties:
- Mattamuskeet Indian Reservation - Location was on the
eastern side of Lake Mattamuskeet on the Pamlico Sound.
|
|
Jones County |
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Historical Indian Communties:
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|
Martin County |
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Archer, Zachariah 6 + 1 white female
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Bingall, Nancy 3
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Braveboy, John "& mother"
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Burroughs, Anthony 1
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Buttlers, Jack ?
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Cotanche, Willie 1
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Fortune, Hannah 2
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Fortune, William 1
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Hogan, Amey 3
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Jack, Buttlers 2
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James, Benjamin 4
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Jones, Richard 5
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McDaniels, James 6
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Murray, Mark 9
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Stafford, John 5
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Turner, Penny 2
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Waldon Mary 3
|
Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
This surname shows up on Indian Woods deeds as Tuscarora.
|
|
Northampton County |
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Allen, Arthur 9
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Anderson, Jeremiah 7
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Artice, George 3
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Artis, Abraham 2
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Banks, Silas 3
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Bass, Council 7 & 2 slaves
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Bass, Jethro 8 & 3 slaves
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Bittle, William 5
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Brown John 5
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Brown, Robert 7
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Byrd, Arthur 5
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Byrd, Cornet? 8
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Byrd, Nathan 8
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Byrd, Phil 5
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Byrd, Ruth 5
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Cornet, Byrd 8 & 3 slaves
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Cumbo, Cannon 5
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Cuningham Charity 2
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Dales, William 10
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Demory, Daniel 10
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Doby, Jarrot 7
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Fuller, Robert 4
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Groves, Ezekiel 6
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Harris, Edward 10
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Hathcock, John 4
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Haithcock, Reubin 11100
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Hathock, Newmon 4
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Hawley, Benjamin 3
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Howell, Ason 6
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James Jeremiah 3
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James Jesse 9
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James, David 3 + 2 slaves
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Jubalough 2
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Land, Lemon 6 + 1 white female
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Manly Littleton 5
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Manly, William 4
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Manuel, Christo 8
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Mitchell, Joyce 2
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Morgan, John 4
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Morgan, Mark 7
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Morgan, William 3
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Newsom Moses 14
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Newsom, Amos 6
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Newsom, Booth 3
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Newsom, James 11
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Newsom, Nathl 3
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Plumbly, Obediah 7
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Poythreas, Hardimon 5
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Poythreas, Odam 9
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Roberts, Elias 4
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Roberts, James 4 & 2 slaves
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Roberts, James Jr 7
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Roberts, John 8
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Roberts, Jonathan 5
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Roberts, William 1
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Scott, David 8
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Scott, Hardy 8
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Scott, Isaac 9
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Scott, Randol 7
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Scott, Saul 1
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Scott, Stephen 5
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Scott, Sterling 6
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Stewart, Christo 3
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Stewart, Peter 2 & 5 slaves
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Tabon, Allen 7
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Tabon, Isaac 3
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Tabon, Nathan 3
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Tann, Drury 4
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Walden John 7
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Walden Michael 5
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Walden, Drury 8
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Wells, Ann 6
|
Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
- Bass (Nansemond or Chowanoc)
See the
Bible
Record John Basse of Chowan County for more information.
John Basse married ye dafter of ye King of ye Nansemund Nation,
by name Elizabeth in Holy Baptism and in Holy Matrimonie ye 14 day
of August in ye yeare of our blessed Lord 1638
Edward Basse sonne of Nath'll & Mary Basse yt unregenerated by
the Spirit of God took in marriage one virtuous Indian mayd'n by the
Christian name of Mary Tucker and went to live amongst the
Shownanocs in Carolina in 1644 A.D. - He went to Carolina in later
years in persute of trade and not in 1644
This surname shows up on Indian Woods deeds as Tuscarora.
This surname shows up on Indian Woods deeds as Tuscarora.
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|
Onslow County |
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Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
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Pasquotank County
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Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
This surname shows up on Indian Woods deeds as Tuscarora.
|
|
Perquimans County |
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Ashburn, Winifred 5
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Overton, Lemuel 2
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Overton, Parthena 10
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Overton, Rachel 7
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Overton, Samuel 1
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Historical Indian Communties:
|
|
Pitt County |
|
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Tyrrell County |
-
Biffins, Philip Free Colored 10000
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Bryan, Bridgett Free Colored 00100
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Dempsey, John (Free Colored) 10000
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Foster, William Free Colored 14200
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Pierce, Israel, Free Colored 12300
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Pierce, Thomas, Free Colored 13400
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Simpson, Jacob, Free Colored,11100
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Simpson, Redddin, F.C., 10300
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Will, Elizabeth Free Colored 01200
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Williams, Jack Free Colored 10000
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Vollovay, Jane, Free Colored,10000
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Historical Indian Communties:
Known Indian Surnames:
The following is from
Remnants of the Matchapunga Indians of North Carolina by Frank
G. Speck, 1916.
"A visit to their old home, however, and persistent inquiry among
the settlers of Albemarle and Pamlico sounds, brought to knowledge a
few individuals who are descended from Indians who came originally
from Pungo river near Mattamuskeet Lake, Hyde county. These are
evidently remnants of the Machapunga tribe who have left their name
to Pungo River. Those whom I met traced their descent from one
Israel Pierce, who was known as a Pungo River Indian."
Deed from James BENNETT, Thos. HITER, Charles
BEARLEY, Jeremiah
RUFFIN, John ROBINS, John REDING, Hull WILL, Indians of Chowan Precinct in the County of Albemarle to Thos.
GARRETT of the same precinct and county for land
in Chowan Precinct, part of patent dated 1724 on Gum Br., bordering
Capt. Aron
BLANSHERDS (full description is included). 7 Apr 1734. Witnesses
Mitchell
WARD, Henry HILL. [All grantors signed with a mark, except Hull WILLS].
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